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Stimulated by the dissemination of information and communication technology, “sharing” has been actively discussed from the perspective of the future economy of post-capitalism. Meanwhile, from an anthropological perspective, “sharing” has been a core issue investigated as a human action that has existed since before monetary exchange.
 
This book discusses the emerging idea of “sharing” inspired from anthropological discourse. Most of the authors has an architectural background. Thus, the strengths of this project are our experience in designing real spaces, and our practice in community building. “Sharing space,” or simply staying in the same space, extends beyond sharing goods and services as objects of consumption. We discuss the cases of communities affected by the tsunami in Sri Lanka and those that barely survived in urban Tanzania. Additionally, we focus on the fact that the innovative practices of sharing space often take place in empty houses in shrinking Japan. The book is structured by three pillars. When sharing is identified as a new trend, it is viewed as a purpose; however, sharing cannot be a purpose, but rather a “means,” “medium,” or “foundation.”
 
If sharing is a “means,” then sharing is essentially a method by which people can realize a better life. In fact, when people use a shared space, the shared objects inevitably expand to include objects that cannot be exclusively owned. Whereas this ambiguity is one of the attractions of sharing, it can also cause conflicts. Thus, sharing can be viewed as a method or “means” of accessing objects that cannot be owned.
 
Generally, when we think about sharing, it is about who share what with whom. However, we can illustrate “sharing” as a “medium” in-between. Sharing connects people with others. Clearly, it serves as a medium between people but can be similarly regarded as a medium between people and non-human objects, such as land.
 
We typically think that sharing is impossible without any platforms. A sort of a group, such as a family or local community, has been conventional platforms of sharing. The platform for modern sharing is the P2P (peer to peer) cyberspace. However, if we stand on the premise that sharing existed in advance to the consolidation of the notion of the individual, “sharing” itself is a platform or “foundation” of people's lives.
 
An accelerating new sharing society is causing us vague fears. However, by situating the emerging sharing movements in the human history, this book has contributed to describe an unexpectedly generous vision of the future of ‘sharing’.
 

(Written by OKABE Akiko, Professor, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, School of Engineering / 2025)